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RESUMEN Introducción: El perfeccionamiento del proceso de formación de especialistas en Medicina General Integral lleva implícito la modelación del trabajo metodológico acorde a las exigencias actuales. Objetivo: Determinar las tendencias del trabajo metodológico en el proceso docente-educativo de la especialización en Medicina General Integral en el Policlínico Docente "Dr. Modesto Gómez Rubio" de San Juan y Martínez, provincia Pinar del Río, durante el curso 2019-2020. Método: Investigación descriptiva y transversal durante el primer semestre del curso 2019-2020. El universo estuvo integrado por 142 profesionales, constituido por residentes, profesores, tutores y directivos de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral de dicha institución. Se utilizaron métodos empíricos y procedimientos de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se determinaron las regularidades actuales del trabajo metodológico en el proceso docente-educativo de la especialización en Medicina General Integral en el policlínico antes mencionado. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con el desarrollo actual de la educación médica y la formación de especialistas en Medicina General Integral para su desempeño en la Atención Primaria de Salud, se hace necesario perfeccionar el trabajo metodológico del proceso docente educativo de esta especialidad, para una mayor contribución a la integralidad de los especialistas que se forman.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The quality improvement in the educational teaching process of specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine implies to perfome important methodological updated methods according to the current requirements. Objective: To determine the methodological methods used in the educational teaching process of specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine at the Policlínico Docente "Dr. Modesto Gómez Rubio" in San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, from 2019 throughout 2020. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional research during the first semester of the academic year 2019-2020 was conducted. A total of 142 health professionals like resident physicians, professors, tutors and head trainers in the Comprehensive General Medicine specialty were involved in this research. Empirical methods and descriptive statistical procedures were used. Results: Current trends concerning the educational teaching process of specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine at the mentioned clinic was determined. Conclusions: Considering the current development of medical education and the training process of specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine for their performance in Primary Health Care, it is necessary to improve the methodological methods in the educational teaching process of this specialty for a greater contribution in the integrality of specialists in training.
RESUMO Introdução: O aprimoramento do processo de formação de especialistas em Medicina Geral Integral implica a modelagem do trabalho metodológico de acordo com as exigências atuais. Objetivo: Determinar as tendências do trabalho metodológico no processo ensino-pedagógico da especialização em Medicina Geral Integral da Policlínico Docente "Dr. Modesto Gómez Rubio" de San Juan y Martínez, província de Pinar del Río, durante o ano acadêmico 2019-2020. Método: Pesquisa descritiva e transversal durante o primeiro semestre do ano letivo 2019-2020. O universo foi composto por 142 profissionais, entre residentes, professores, tutores e diretores da especialidade de Medicina Geral Integral da referida instituição. Foram utilizados métodos empíricos e procedimentos de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram determinadas as regularidades atuais do trabalho metodológico no processo ensino-educativo da especialização em Medicina Geral Integral na referida policlínica. Conclusões: De acordo com o atual desenvolvimento da educação médica e da formação de especialistas em Medicina Geral Integral para sua atuação na Atenção Básica à Saúde, é necessário aprimorar o trabalho metodológico do processo pedagógico pedagógico desta especialidade, para uma maior contribuição para a integralidade dos especialistas formados.
Subject(s)
Teaching/education , Education, Medical, Graduate/methods , Methodology as a Subject , General Practice/education , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
This study combines the ophthalmological postgraduate teaching practice with undergraduate clinical clerkship practice, which is called as "dual practice model". In the clinical clerkship teaching of ophthalmology, the postgraduates serve as teaching assistants and cooperate with senior doctors to carry out clinical teaching activities, implementing the "dual practice" ophthalmology clinical clerkship model. In order to improve both the quality of clinical clerkship teaching and the teaching ability for the postgraduates, we have made preparation before clerkship, planning during clerkship, and feedback after clerkship to improve the teaching.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: En la provincia Sancti Spíritus se constató la ausencia de publicaciones sobre la historia de la docencia de posgrado en la especialidad Imagenología, por lo que se hizo necesaria una investigación que aportara información al patrimonio científico cubano en ciencias de la salud y a la formación del potencial humano actual y futuro. Objetivo: Describir la evolución histórica de la docencia de posgrado de la especialidad Imagenología en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Desarrollo: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con el uso de métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y empíricos: entrevista y análisis documental, en el período comprendido desde 1976 hasta 2020. Resultados: Desde el surgimiento de Sancti Spíritus como provincia ya existían algunos médicos radiólogos, pero no fue hasta 1982 que comenzó oficialmente el estudio de la especialidad en el territorio, como filial de Villa Clara. Con la fundación de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas en 1986 inició un nuevo capítulo de formación de especialistas en Radiología. Con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas, en 2006 se cambió el nombre de la especialidad por Imagenología. En la actualidad se mantiene la formación regular de especialistas, incluidos residentes autofinanciados. Conclusiones: La Imagenología como especialidad de posgrado en la provincia Sancti Spíritus ha tenido un desarrollo histórico progresivo, gracias al fortalecimiento del claustro de profesores, la formación continua de recursos humanos para la atención a la población del territorio y los resultados científico-técnicos que avalan el progreso actual de la especialidad. La descripción de su evolución histórica permite perfeccionar la formación de las futuras generaciones, asimismo generar pautas para otras investigaciones.
ABSTRACT Background: In Sancti Spíritus province, the absence of publications on the history of Imaging postgraduate teaching was verified, thus, it was necessary an investigation that would provide information to the Cuban-health sciences-scientific heritage and also to the formation of the current and future human potential. Objective: To describe the historical evolution of Imaging postgraduate teaching in Sancti Spíritus province. Development: A qualitative research was carried out with the use of theoretical methods: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and empirical: interview and documentary analysis, from 1976 to 2020. Results: Since the emergence of Sancti Spíritus as province, there were already some radiologists, but it was not until 1982 that the study of the specialty in the territory officially began as a Villa Clara´s subsidiary. In 1986, with the founding of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, a new chapter of training to Radiology specialists began. In 2006, with the advent of new techniques, the name of the specialty was changed to Imaging. At present, the regular training of specialists is maintained, including self-financed residents. Conclusions: Imaging as a postgraduate specialty in Sancti Spíritus province has had a progressive historical development, thanks to the strengthening of the teaching staff, the continuous training of human resources for the care of the population in the territory, also the scientific-technical results that support the current progress of the specialty. The description of its historical evolution allows to improve the training of future generations, as well as to generate guidelines for other investigations.
Subject(s)
Radiology/education , Radiology/history , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/historyABSTRACT
Background: The formation of a professional to become competent in a discipline requires performing those distinctions by which objects of knowledge typical of a profession emerge. For Psychiatry these objects are the psychiatric symptoms that arise and are distinguished during mental examination. The purpose of this paper is to explore practical training in mental examination and to analyze how the experiences of interviewing a patient become organized and significant events for students through teaching practices. Material and Methods: During an academic year different teaching practices were observed in a University Department of Psychiatry, including lectures, notes, canonical books, and video recording and analysis of different training activities. Results: Excerpts from transcripts of individual interviews with teachers and students are presented, and teacher-student sequences from different training activities. Discussion: During mental examination professors require explicitly "to describe" and not "to interpret" but then they require "interpret" without clarifying when to do one thing or another. However, what teachers actually do implicitly is: 1) to let students experience the interaction with the patient; 2) to help students get an affective distance from and to observe their own experience; 3) to call the experience with a specific word (psychiatric symptom) and 4) to deny all the aforementioned process, whereby a psychiatric symptom arises as if it were an object in a space of sensory perception. This process is actively denied and is partially out of awareness of teachers and students.
Introducción: La formación de un profesional para ser competente en una disciplina requiere realizar aquellas distinciones por las que surgen los objetos de conocimiento propios de una profesión. En Psiquiatría estos objetos son los síntomas psiquiátricos que se distinguen durante el examen mental. Elpropósito de este trabajo es explorar la práctica de entrenamiento en examen mental y analizar cómo la experiencia de entrevistar a un paciente se transforma en eventos organizados y significativos para los alumnos a través de las prácticas de enseñanza. Material y Métodos: Se observaron durante un año diversas prácticas de enseñanza en un Departamento universitario de Psiquiatría, incluyendo clases expositivas, apuntes, libros canónicos, registro en video y análisis de prácticas docentes. Resultados: Se presentan extractos de transcripciones de entrevistas individuales con profesores y alumnos, y de secuencias profesor-alumno durante diversas actividades prácticas. Discusión: Durante el examen mental los profesores explícitamente exigen "describir" sin "interpretar", pero luego exigen "interpretar", sin aclarar cuándo se debe hacer una u otra cosa. Sin embargo, lo que los profesores hacen en forma implícita es: 1) permitir que los alumnos experimenten la interacción con el paciente; 2) ayudar a los alumnos a tomar distancia afectiva y observar su propia experiencia; 3) denominar la experiencia con una palabra específica (síntoma psiquiátrico) y 4) negar todo el proceso anterior, con lo cual surge un síntoma psiquiátrico tal como si fuera un objeto en un espacio de percepción sensorial. Este proceso es activamente negado y está parcialmente fuera de la conciencia de profesores y alumnos.
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Education, Graduate , Interpersonal Relations , Interview, Psychological , Theory of Mind , PsychopathologyABSTRACT
Background: Rotational training programme for the postgraduate students of pharmacology should be planned with the aim of making them competent as pharmacologist. Thus in the present study we decided to develop a rotational duty programme and evaluate perception and attitude of postgraduate student towards it. Methodology: We developed a rotational duty programme at our department which was structured by defining objectives to be achieved, content to be learnt, weekly targets to be accomplished and assessment to provide feedback to the students. The perception and attitude were recorded using a questionnaire in which their adequacy of duration of posting; adequacy, relevance and implementation of weekly time table; adequacy and relevance of the training imparted in the posting; quality and pattern of assessment and their perceived benefit from the rotational training program were assessed. Results: Postgraduate students found the programme adequate and relevant in terms of duration, implementation of weekly targets, training imparted and quality of assessment. Students also perceived the programme as beneficial. Suggestions were given by the students in the areas they considered modification is required. Conclusion: Suggestion given by the students along with discussion by faculty members were incorporated in improving the standard and strengthening the programme. There is a need for development of such programmes to improve the standards in postgraduate teaching in pharmacology. These programmes also need to undergo relevant amendments in order to improvise them.
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Postgraduate education is the highest leveled education in the national education hierarchy and bears the historic task of providing top-notch innovative personnel for the country and conducting independent innovation. At present,the medical degree is divided into two types: clinical scientific degree and clinical professional degree. Clinical scientific degree is different from clinical professional degree due to its importance and peculiarities. Therefore,education for postgraduates with clinical scientific degree faces many problems in enrollment,research and clinical capacity develop-ment and evaluation system. Through reforming enrollment plan,strengthening capacity building and establishing sound clinical education evaluation system can further improve training quality for post-graduates with clinical scientific degree.
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En la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara se realizó una investigación de desarrollo de corte transversal durante el período de septiembre 2009 a noviembre de 2010 para contribuir al aprendizaje acelerado del idioma inglés con propósitos específicos en enfermeros. Se utilizó la metodología de la investigación cualitativa, con diferentes métodos, tanto teóricos como empíricos. El estudio arrojó un insuficiente desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas en este rubro, por lo que se tuvo en cuenta la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje de estos profesionales en la enseñanza postgraduada y la carencia de propuestas de superación profesional en esta temática. Se elaboró un curso con los elementos antes determinados, este producto final fue valorado por especialistas seleccionados, ellos recomendaron su puesta en marcha.
At the Nursing Faculty in the University of Medical Sciences in Villa Clara, under the qualitative approach, a development study was carried out, to contribute to the accelerated learning of the English language with specific purposes in nurses. Different techniques were applied, for instance, questionnaires, interviews, etc. The results were contrasted. It was concluded that these professionals have not an appropriate level of development about the communicative competences in English. That is why, it was taken into account the identification of these professionals' learning necessities in the up-graded learning process and the lack of any other proposals. It was elaborated a course with the previous elements, accompanied by a material aid, and the methodological orientations. The final product was validated by selected specialists, they recommended its implementation at the University of Medical Sciences in Villa Clara.
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Teaching , Learning , Nurses, MaleABSTRACT
Molecular biology is an important course for the postgraduate in medical school which includes both theoretic class and experimental class.This article described the setting and organization of molecular biology course of postgraduate in Nantong University,and some thoughts and experiences about the training of the research competence of students were introduced as well.